May 1 Presentation to DFWTRN

                                          

 

On Wednesday at lunch I will be speaking to the DFW Texas Recruiters Network about legal issues confronting placement professionals.  Please join me if you can.  Here is a link to the details.

Tips for Placement Professionals

                                          

Today I have the privilege of speaking to the DFW Texas Recruiters Network. Over the years I have had the privilege of representing placement professionals in a number of circumstances.  Some tips:

  1. Make sure your engagement agreements/contracts make sense and are enforceable;
  2. Remember that non-competes and non-solicitation agreements in Texas can be enforceable;
  3. Screen your candidates to determine if they have entered into a non-compete or non-solicit;
  4. Remember that if someone you placed is sued it is likely that their new employer will be as well;
  5. Protect your candidate and client information - that information can be a trade secret;
  6. Make sure you are in compliance with the Texas Occupations Code;
  7. A little money spent on an attorney up front can save a lot of money down the road;
  8. Be factual when you talk about a potential employer;
  9. Don't give legal advice; and
  10. If you sign an agreement prepare to have to comply with it.

Below are some resources and previous writings placement professionals might find of use:

 

 

The Recruiters Win Again

 

                    

The Case

The Fifth Circuit affirmed the opinion of a magistrate judge in the Southern District of Texas that found a law firm owed a search firm for the introduction of a group of lawyers the firm hired. Essentially, the search firm made the initial introduction, but a deal was not reached until some time later.     

 

The search firm argued that it was entitled to a fee because it made the initial introduction. The Court agreed. The opinion is interesting because it discusses whether or not the search firm was a “procuring cause” of the hiring. The Court's definition of procuring cause:

 

cause that in the natural and continuing sequence, unbroken by any independent intervening cause, produces the [hiring], without which the [hiring] would not have occurred

 

The Court noted that though there was testimony that the hiring was independent of the search firm’s work, there was also sufficient evidence to show that the search firm was a procuring cause and was entitled to a fee.

 

Lessons Learned 

The takeaway for search firms and recruiters on this opinion is to continue to monitor and follow their clients after negotiations.  A deal may be looming in the near future.  

Recruiters Beware

 

A recent case filed in Dallas provides some guidance for recruiters, especially when they recruit lawyers. Lawyer Chris Gilbert sued recruiter Diane Caldwell, the recruiter who convinced him to move from Nashville to Dallas and work for Patton Boggs as a partner. The petition asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, negligence, and breach of contract.

The case is  profiled in  The Texas Lawyer and the crux of the dispute are representations allegedly made by the recruiter where she stated she was independent and working directly for Gilbert, not the law firm.  The lawsuit alleges the recruiter was actually retained by the firm and was neither independent nor representing the interests of Gilbert.

In response, the recruiter filed her answer and asserts there is no fiduciary duty.  We've previously discussed the legal significance of fiduciary duties because it places the burden on the fiduciary or defendant as opposed to other traditional causes of action.

This case illustrates the importance that recruiters be explicit when interacting with job candidates.  Recruiters should avoid representing they are "independent" if they have been retained by the employer and should disclose the existence of this relationship to the prospective employee.  Of course, the recruiter should also always be cognizant of any representations that they make about a potential new employer.  There is a fine line between selling and outright fraud.  We'll continue to monitor this case as it develops.

 

DFW Texas Recruiters Network

                                          

Today I have the privilege of speaking to the DFW Texas Recruiters Network.  Below are some resources and previous writings placement professionals might find of use:

 

 

Caught Red Handed with LinkedIn

                                              

Minnesota based TEKsystems Inc. sued three former employees for violating non-compete and non-solicit agreements.  TEKSystems is in the technical recruiting business and it claims one of the former employees was contacting its contract employees.  The complaint alleges Defendant Brelyn Hammernik used LinkedIn to solicit these employees:

For example, Hammernik has communicated with at least 20 of TEKsystems’ Contract Employees using such electronic networking systems as “Linkedin.”  Hammernik has, at a minimum, “connected” with the following TEKsystems’ employees through “Linkedin" . . . In her contacts with Tom Peterson, Hammernick asked Peterson if he was “still looking for opportunities.” She then stated that she “would love to have [you] come visit my new office and hear about some of the stuff we are working on.”

Evidence doesn't get much better then this LinkedIn email:

Linkedln

Tom Peterson has sent you a message.

Date: 12/08/2009

Subject: RE: Brelyn

 

Hi Brelyn,

Indeed I am still looking. I have time, though!

Lets get together. Where are you working these days? Your profile still has you working at TEK Systems. BTW - my email address is lipidfish@gmail.com if you would prefer the non-Linkedln route.

Tom

 

On 12/08/09 8:47 AM, Brelyn Hammernik wrote:

Tom—

Hey! Let me know if you are still looking for opportunities! I would love to have come visit my new office and hear about some of the stuff we are working on!

Let me know your thoughts!

Brelyn

Needless to say it will be very difficult for Hammernik to defend this type of conduct.  I've used emails in non-compete/non-solicit cases but never LinkedIn evidence.  As individuals migrate from company to company they routinely use LinkedIn and other social networking sites to update contacts on their whereabouts.  Usually, most updates don't contain an outright solicitation like this. The moral of this story:  Employees - be smart about communications that are blatant solicitations.  Employers - watch former employees social networking activities once they have departed.

 

 

Clients, Competitors, and Employers are Watching Facebook



Chances are you or someone you know is on Facebook, MySpace, or LinkedIn. Google yourself and you'll probably see a LinkedIn or Facebook biography. Potential employers and recruiters will see the same information during the hiring process.

When I prepare for a deposition I always do basic Internet research on a witness. It's probably a safe assumption that business prospects and competitors are doing the same thing. This type of screening is cheap, quick, and turns up all sorts of information from previous employment, education, civic involvement, and even your time in the neighborhood fun run.

The reality is the Internet now documents all aspects of our lives. An Internet biography is being updated in real time for each of us and has a wide range of content. Social networking tools are wonderful in theory, but they contribute to our Internet biography.

There is no reason to quit updating your Facebook status. But as with anything in writing, assume it will be seen by all, not just your Facebook friends. Welcome to the reality of Web 2.0.

Disclaimer

Recruiters: Poach at your peril.



Most placement professionals try to stay away from taking employees from their company clients and in many instances it is prohibited by contract. More importantly, it can be bad business.

In a lawsuit filed in New York, JP Morgan Chase Bank v. IDW Group, Inc., JP Morgan brought suit against a firm that previously provided placement services and allegedly poached JP Morgan employees. It claims this was in violation of its contract with IDW and a breach of fiduciary duty. Here's blogger Kenneth Vanko's take on the case. It seems hard to believe that a business relationship evolved into a fiduciary duty relationship (very difficult to prove in Texas) but nevertheless, it is a claim.


Assuming there is no contractual provision in place, there is little a client can do to prevent a placement professional from soliciting its employees. Nevertheless, do you really want to have a reputation for poaching? Obviously, the facts and circumstances will vary and require individual analysis. Remember, there is little barrier to filing a lawsuit, basically a lawyer and a filing fee, and an irate client may seek legal redress like JP Morgan.

Disclaimer

The Non-Compete Playbook: The Injunction Hearing



An injunction hearing in Texas state court is similar to a bench trial. Depending on the Court's preferences, both parties may offer opening and closing remarks. The party with the burden of proof on the injunction, in this case Company A, will offer its evidence and then Jordan James has the opportunity to offer any evidence she would like the court to consider. This may consist of deposition testimony, live testimony in the courtroom, and the offering of documents into evidence.

After presentation of the evidence, the Judge determines whether Company A is entitled to a temporary injunction. In the Company A/Jordan James dispute three individuals testified: James, her supervisor at Company A, and a law firm client of Company A's. The Court after considering the evidence, denied the injunction.

The Non-Compete Playbook: Discovery

Picking up on the Company A/Jordan James dispute, Company A successfully obtained a temporary restraining order against James. The Court ordered James not to engage in any placement work and return all Company A documents in her possession. Furthermore, the Court ordered Company A to post a $5000 bond and set the preliminary injunction for hearing in ten days. Company A requested that the Court allow for limited discovery before the injunction hearing. The Court will allow Company A to take 1 deposition and permit the service of 10 requests for production. James is also permitted the same. So what are these type of discovery devices?

(1) The Deposition: Permits a party to ask an individual questions under oath. In cases where a party is a company, the opposing party can ask the company to designate a representative or representatives to testify on certain topics. A Court reporter transcribes the testimony under oath and in some instances, the deposition is videotaped. In Texas, a party is generally limited to 6 hours of deposition time for each deponent.

(2) Request for Production: Permits a party to request production of categories of documents. This also includes electronic discovery and could include the inspection of hard drives and other sources where electronic data may be maintained.

(3) Interrogatories: A party can force the other side to answer written questions under oath.

Parties may also conduct discovery on non-party witnesses. This may take the form of a deposition, document requests, and depositions on written questions.

Disclaimer

The Non-Compete Playbook: The TRO


Picking up on last week's entry, Company A has decided it will file a lawsuit against Jordan James in Dallas district court and seek a temporary restraining order ("TRO"). A TRO typically precedes a temporary injunction, but the grounds for relief are largely the same. Most TROs or injunctions are prohibitory in nature, meaning they prohibit a party from certain conduct. In some cases a TRO or injunction can request mandatory or affirmative conduct, such as the return of a customer list or other company documents.

In order to obtain a TRO, Company A must show:
1. A request for permanent relief;
2. A probable right to relief; and
3. A probable injury.

Within the allegations contained in the lawsuit, Company A must set forth why a TRO is necessary. Those allegations must be verified; meaning someone from Company A must swear that the factual matters set forth are true. Company A should be prepared to file a bond assuming that the TRO is granted. Also, in Dallas County, unless there are extenuating circumstances, James must be provided with two hours notice of Company A's intent to obtain the TRO.

In Dallas County, the lawyer will file the lawsuit and the clerk will put the newly filed lawsuit in a red jacket. The lawyer will take the red jacket to the judge who has been assigned the case. If the judge is not around, the lawyer will have to find another judge to consider the matter. There is no "live" evidence presented at a temporary restraining order hearing. The judge considers the lawsuit papers and the arguments of counsel.

Assuming the court finds in Company A's favor, it will enter the TRO, set a bond amount, and set the injunction hearing for within 14 days. After the bond is posted, the clerk will then issue a citation for the original petition, notice of the TRO, and the TRO. At that point, Company A must serve James with the actual lawsuit and TRO. Once service has been completed, any violation of the TRO is treated like a contempt of court. In our next analysis, we will discuss the temporary injunction hearing.


Disclaimer

The Non-Compete Playbook: Preliminary Considerations



The Scenario
Assume the following: Jordan James, a successful legal recruiter employed at Company A has left to start her own placement firm. James signed a non-compete and non-solicitation with Company A and it is believed that James took her Microsoft Outlook contacts that contains all of her client information. What should Company A do and what should James anticipate?

Preliminary Considerations

(1) What are Company A's objectives? Is James worth the time and money from a cost/benefit analysis? Is James competing with Company A a threat? Even if not, has she taken information that is important to Company A? The reality is James will be able to compete some day against Company A but she should not be able to with information that does not belong to her or in violation of her contractual covenants.

(2) Is the non-compete enforceable? Before Company A instructs its lawyer to file a lawsuit and obtain a temporary restraining order (discussed in next week's entry), the next question should be what is the likelihood of enforceability of the non-compete? Obviously, no lawyer can predict what a Court can do, but they can give an educated guess. Hopefully, Company A already had this discussion with the lawyer who drafted the non-compete, but in many cases a lawyer wasn't involved and the law changes.

(3) Are James' documents in order? This includes any employment agreement, her employment file, and any company manuals that contain policies she is subject to. Can you capture (within the confines of the law) James' most recent communications (email/phone messages) with clients? Is there any evidence of James' contacting clients after her departure from Company A?

(4)What clients did James service? Were they serviced primarily by James or others at Company A? Would it make sense to contact the clients James worked with at Company A and let them know she has departed and who will be taking over her responsibilities? Not only will contacting them potentially protect business and preempt James, it is a means for developing allegations in a lawsuit and the basis for a temporary restraining order by finding out if she is talking to Company A clients and customers.

Next, the focus will be the filing of a lawsuit seeking a temporary restraining order.

Disclaimer

Texas Occupation Code Part 2

In a previous posting we discussed placement professionals' obligations under Chapter 2501 of the Texas Occupations Code. There is only one reported case addressing this provision. In Joseph Chris Personnel Services, Inc. v. Donna Rossi, et al., Joseph Chris, a real estate recruiter, sued former employees for alleged breach of employment contract, breach of fiduciary duty, and violation of the Texas Occupations Code. Essentially, Joseph Chris claimed the Defendant employees started a competing recruiting company by taking information from the Joseph Chris database among other things. The Defendants did not reside in Texas.

Joseph Chris' occupations code claim was based on the provision that provides an employee of a personnel services company "may not disclose information about an applicant, an employer, and employment position, or the operation of the personnel service." The Court did not reach the merits of the claim because it ruled that the Texas Occupations Code did not apply to these non-Texas employees. There is no reported case that we are aware of, where a Plaintiff has alleged and a court has actually addressed whether a job candidate's service file as defined within the occupations code as trade secret under Texas criminal law would qualify as a trade secret under the standards set forth by the Texas Supreme Court and discussed in the October 6th entry.

Disclaimer

Placement Professionals




Today I had the opportunity to speak with the DFW Recruiters Network. Placement Professionals are faced with a variety of legal issues including covenants not to compete, non-solicitation covenants, anti-raid provisions, and the general enforceability of fee agreements with clients. All of these topics are the subject of this blog, but I wanted to take this opportunity to provide some helpful links to placement professionals.

Chapter 2501 of the Texas Occupations Code governs "Personnel Services". Personnel Services "means a person who, regardless of whether for a fee, directly or indirectly attempts to obtain permanent employment for an applicant or obtains or attempts to obtain permanent employment for an employee." Chapter 2501 places a number of requirements on those offering personnel services including a bond requirement, caps fees in certain circumstances, and sets forth a laundry list of 10 "Prohibited Practices". A plaintiff who files a lawsuit and asserts a violation of the statute can obtain attorneys' fees. Further, a violation of 2501 can also constitute a violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act.

In terms of protection of placement professionals, 2501 states that a service file (defined as "a job order, resume, application, workpaper, or other record containing information related to: (A) an applicant; (B) an employer; (C) an employment position; or (D) the operation of a personnel service.") is a Trade Secret pursuant to Section 31.05 of the Texas Penal Code, the Theft of Trade Secrets criminal statute. Thus an individual who attempts to take a service file from his or her employer could potentially be subject to not only civil proceedings but criminal as well.